all i have are red, blue, and yellow badges. how do you get each badge?

Battle->View Battle Market (at the top)->How do I get Badges? (at the bottom)

Note that it means 60%, not 40%. If somebody is less than 60% of your rank you don't get the first three types of Badges.

greens are from invading any new planet within a week. so if you try to planet toss with another player, you can only do that once a week.

silvers are from being a top damager on a base. top damagers range on the level of the base.

darks are from special npcs. stryll assassins are guranteed to drop one (i think) every time.

Yeah they always drop from styll assassins they are also a uncommon drop from the RSL siege cannons

Red badges by killing players
Blue badges by hacking
Yellow badges by raiding
Green badges for invading planets
Silver badges by killing bases
Black badges by killing certain types of NPC's