There was a post about it a while ago about which one was better (in Strategy) and I think the consensus was that for the time being, rings can produce more than large moons.
But I think this might change as the game goes on and gets more and better planet structures, then Large Moons will produce more, simply because it can fit more planet artifacts with like a 1 size to 3 arti ratio, for example.
Going to school now, so when I get home, I'll dig up the debate, unless someone else would like to be nice and post it before me!
